在 Linux 中扩容分区、逻辑卷、文件系统

发表于 分类于

准备工作

  • fdisk -l
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root@dev215 [~]# fdisk -l
GPT PMBR size mismatch (209715199 != 419430399) will be corrected by write.
The backup GPT table is not on the end of the device.
Disk /dev/sda: 200 GiB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 406F0824-6F10-4C6F-8522-FFF0A017AA44

Device       Start       End   Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1     2048      4095      2048   1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2     4096   2101247   2097152   1G Linux filesystem
/dev/sda3  2101248 209713151 207611904  99G Linux LVM


Disk /dev/mapper/opencloudos-root: 66.52 GiB, 71424802816 bytes, 139501568 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/opencloudos-home: 32.48 GiB, 34871443456 bytes, 68108288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disklabel type 为 dos 表示为 MBR 分区，为 gpt 表示为 GPT 分区。

  • lsblk
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root@dev215 [~]# lsblk
NAME                 MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                    8:0    0  200G  0 disk
├─sda1                 8:1    0    1M  0 part
├─sda2                 8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                 8:3    0   99G  0 part
  ├─opencloudos-root 251:0    0 66.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─opencloudos-home 251:1    0 32.5G  0 lvm  /home

扩容分区

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yum install -y cloud-utils-growpart gdisk

MBR

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LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 growpart /dev/vdb 1

GPT

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LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8 growpart /dev/sda 3

出现以 CHANGED 开头的信息表示扩容成功。

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root@dev215 [/data]# growpart /dev/sda 3
CHANGED: partition=3 start=2101248 old: size=207611904 end=209713151 new: size=417329119 end=419430366

root@dev215 [/data]# lsblk
NAME                 MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda                    8:0    0  200G  0 disk
├─sda1                 8:1    0    1M  0 part
├─sda2                 8:2    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda3                 8:3    0  199G  0 part
  ├─opencloudos-root 251:0    0 66.5G  0 lvm  /
  └─opencloudos-home 251:1    0 32.5G  0 lvm  /home

扩容逻辑卷

在上面的 lsblk 信息中，实际上根目录 / 和 /home 的类型都是 lvm。

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pvresize /dev/sda3
lvextend -L +100G /dev/opencloudos/root
xfs_growfs /
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root@dev215 [/data]# pvs
  PV         VG          Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sda3  opencloudos lvm2 a--  <199.00g 100.00g
  
root@dev215 [/data]# pvresize /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" changed
  1 physical volume(s) resized or updated / 0 physical volume(s) not resized
  
root@dev215 [/data]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/opencloudos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                opencloudos
  LV UUID                Mrv5DQ-JeQx-mKdM-Vn9u-qOtw-Yl9k-TbkTjH
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time dev215, 2024-11-01 10:35:13 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <32.48 GiB
  Current LE             8314
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/opencloudos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                opencloudos
  LV UUID                pmaZSg-3JnI-yXfm-8N5Z-arW7-mstK-P0Atir
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time dev215, 2024-11-01 10:35:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <66.52 GiB
  Current LE             17029
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:0

root@dev215 [/data]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/opencloudos/root
  Size of logical volume opencloudos/root changed from <66.52 GiB (17029 extents) to <166.52 GiB (42629 extents).
  Logical volume opencloudos/root successfully resized.

root@dev215 [/data]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/opencloudos/home
  LV Name                home
  VG Name                opencloudos
  LV UUID                Mrv5DQ-JeQx-mKdM-Vn9u-qOtw-Yl9k-TbkTjH
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time dev215, 2024-11-01 10:35:13 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <32.48 GiB
  Current LE             8314
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/opencloudos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                opencloudos
  LV UUID                pmaZSg-3JnI-yXfm-8N5Z-arW7-mstK-P0Atir
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time dev215, 2024-11-01 10:35:14 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <166.52 GiB
  Current LE             42629
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           251:0

root@dev215 [/data]# pvs
  PV         VG          Fmt  Attr PSize    PFree
  /dev/sda3  opencloudos lvm2 a--  <199.00g    0

扩容文件系统

ext*

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resize2fs /dev/vdb1

xfs

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yum install -y xfsprogs
xfs_growfs /mnt

Ref

  • https://web.archive.org/web/20241113015538/https://help.aliyun.com/zh/ecs/user-guide/extend-the-partitions-and-file-systems-of-disks-on-a-linux-instance
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20241113015851/https://help.aliyun.com/zh/ecs/use-cases/extend-an-lv-by-using-lvm